Python3

1.?????環境

2.?????設置QQ郵箱

????QQ郵箱是SSL認證的郵箱系統,要用QQ郵箱發送郵件,需要開啟POP3/ SMTP服務,并獲取授權碼。

2.1??開啟POP3/IMAP/SMTP/Exchange/CardDAV/CalDAV服務

? ? 1) ?打開QQ郵箱,點擊【設置】

? ? 2)在【賬戶】tab頁,找到【POP3/IMAP/SMTP/Exchange/CardDAV/CalDAV服務】,點擊【開啟】POP3/SMTP服務

2.1??QQ號申請第二代密碼保護

????如果QQ號還沒申請第二代密碼保護,則會彈出【驗證保密】對話框

?? ? 1)在【驗證保密】對話框中,點擊【申請密?！堪粹o

? ? 2) ?彈出【QQ安全中心】頁面,點擊【密保手機】右邊的【設置】按鈕

? ? 3) ?輸入手機號碼后,點擊【確定】按鈕,手機上會收到驗證碼

? ? 4)輸入手機上收到的驗證碼后,點擊【確定】按鈕

? ? 5) ?申請成功

2.3??繼續開啟POP3/IMAP/SMTP/Exchange/CardDAV/CalDAV服務

????1) ?QQ號碼申請第二代密保成功后,點擊【驗證密?！繉υ捒蛑械摹疚乙呀浲瓿稍O置】按鈕

? ? 2) ?用手機往1069070069發送內容為【配置郵件客戶端】的短信后,點擊【我已發送】按鈕

?3) ?彈出【開啟POP3/SMTP】對話框,其中的虛線框中就是授權碼

2.4??獲取授權碼

????如果之前已經開啟了POP3/SMTP服務,而已經忘了之前申請的授權碼的話,可以點擊下圖中的【生成授權碼】鏈接。

可以重新發送短信獲取授權碼。試了一下,舊授權碼和新授權碼都可以用。

3.?????代碼

????前面已經提到過,QQ郵箱是SSL認證的郵箱系統,因此用QQ郵箱發送郵件,需要創建一個SMTP_SSL對象,而不是SMTP對象,然后用發送郵箱及之前獲取到的授權碼login,最后調用sendmail()發送郵件。

import smtplibsmtpserver = "smtp.qq.com"smtpport = 465from_mail = "aaaaa@qq.com"to_mail = ["bbbbb@qq.com"]password = "****************"   # 16位授權碼try:????smtp = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(smtpserver,smtpport)????smtp.login(from_mail,password)????smtp.sendmail(from_mail,to_mail,msg.as_string())except(smtplib.SMTPException) as e:    print(e.message)finally:    smtp.quit()

用try-except-finally括起來,是為了捕捉可能的錯誤信息。

?????這很簡單,但細心的讀者應該注意到,上面代碼中所有的方法的參數都有定義,唯獨sendmail(from_addr, to_addrs, msg)的第3個參數msg,即郵件的發送內容沒有定義,而發送郵件的關鍵就在于此。發送內容的格式是SMTP規定的,如果不符合規定,即會導致郵件發送失敗。?

????郵件主要包括三個部分:一是我稱之為屬性的部分,二是正文,三是附件。包含各部分內容的是一個MIMEMultipart對象,其實郵件的任何部分都是可以為空的,甚至都為空,還是可以成功發送的。下面主要討論的就是這三部分內容的組織。

3.1??組織郵件屬性

????郵件的屬性,我指的是諸如發件人、主題、收件人、抄送等。

from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipartfrom email.header import Headersubject = "test report"from_name = "水云之外"from_mail = "aaaaaa@qq.com"to_mail = ["bbbbbb@qq.com"]cc_mail = ["cccccc@qq.com"]msg = MIMEMultipart()msg["Subject"] = Header(subject, "utf-8")msg["From"] = Header(from_name + " <" + from_mail + ">", "utf-8")msg["To"] = Header(",".join(to_mail), "utf-8")msg["Cc"] = Header(",".join(cc_mail), "utf-8")

3.2??組織郵件正文

3.2.1???文本格式正文

????用正文字符串生成一個plain類型的MIMEText對象,可指定編碼,然后黏貼到代表郵件全部內容的MIMEMultipart對象中。

from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipartfrom email.mime.text import MIMETextbody = "hi, the attachment is the test report of this test, please check it in time."msg = MIMEMultipart()msgtext = MIMEText(body, "plain", "utf-8")msg.attach(msgtext)

3.2.2???HTML格式正文

????HTML格式的正文和文本格式的正文,唯一區別就是MIMEText對象的類型不同,是html,當然正文字符串應該是一個符合html格式的字符串。

from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipartfrom email.mime.text import MIMETextbody = "<h3>hi, the attachment is the test report of this test, please check it in time.</h3>"msg = MIMEMultipart()msgtext = MIMEText(body, "html", "utf-8")msg.attach(msgtext)

3.2.3???包含圖片的正文

????包含圖片的正文,其實是一種特殊的html格式正文,正文字符串應符合html格式,且包含img標簽,指定src,用讀入圖片文件創建一個MIMEImage對象,指定其屬性,應和src中相匹配,最后將MIMEImage對象也黏貼到MIMEMultipart對象中。

from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipartfrom email.mime.text import MIMETextfrom email.mime.image import MIMEImageimgbody = '''<h3>hi, the attachment is the test report of this test, please check it in time.</h3><img src="cid:image1"/>'''imgfile = r"..testresult.png"msg = MIMEMultipart()msgtext = MIMEText(imgbody, "html", "utf-8")msg.attach(msgtext)file = open(imgfile, "rb")img = MIMEImage(file.read())img.add_header("Content-ID", "<image1>")msg.attach(img)

3.3??組織郵件附件

????經驗證,文本文件、HTML文件和圖片文件(png),都可以用下面的代碼組裝到郵件內容中。生成一個MIMEBase對象,讀入附件文件加載到該對象中,編碼、添加頭后同樣黏貼到MIMEMultipart對象中。

from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipartfrom email.mime.base import MIMEBaseattfile = r"..testresult.html"msg = MIMEMultipart()att = MIMEBase("application", "octet-stream")file = open(file, "rb")att.set_payload(file.read())encoders.encode_base64(att)list = file.split("\")filename = list[len(list) - 1]att.add_header("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename='%s'" %filename)msg.attach(att)

4.?????最終代碼

4.1??MailAssembler類

????包含三個方法:attachAttributes()、attachBody()和attachAttachment(),分別用來組裝屬性、正文和附件。

from email.header import Headerfrom email.mime.base import MIMEBasefrom email.mime.text import MIMETextfrom email.mime.image import MIMEImagefrom email import encodersclass MailAssembler:    def attachAttributes(self,msg,subject,from_name,from_mail,to_mail,cc_mail=None):        msg["Subject"] = Header(subject, "utf-8")        msg["From"] = Header(from_name + " <" + from_mail + ">", "utf-8")        msg["To"] = Header(",".join(to_mail), "utf-8")        msg["Cc"] = Header(",".join(cc_mail), "utf-8")    def attachBody(self,msg,body,type,imgfile=None):        msgtext = MIMEText(body, type, "utf-8")        msg.attach(msgtext)        if imgfile != None:            try:                file = open(imgfile, "rb")                img = MIMEImage(file.read())                img.add_header("Content-ID", "<image1>")                msg.attach(img)            except(Exception) as err:                print(str(err))            finally:                if file in locals():                    file.close()    def attachAttachment(self,msg,attfile):        att = MIMEBase("application", "octet-stream")        try:            file = open(attfile, "rb")            att.set_payload(file.read())            encoders.encode_base64(att)        except(Exception) as err:            print(str(err))        finally:            if file in locals():                file.close()        if "\" in attfile:            list = attfile.split("\")            filename = list[len(list) - 1]        else:            filename = attfile        att.add_header("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename='%s'" %filename)        msg.attach(att)

4.2??MailSender類

????只有一個sendMail()方法,初始化的時候保存了發送的相關參數,之后就可以用該方法發送其參數msg了。

import smtplibclass MailSender:    def __init__(self,smtpserver,smtpport,password,from_mail,to_mail,cc_mail=None):        self.smtpserver = smtpserver        self.smtpport = smtpport        self.password = password        self.from_mail = from_mail        self.to_mail = to_mail        self.cc_mail = cc_mail    def sendMail(self,msg):        try:            smtp = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(self.smtpserver, self.smtpport)            smtp.login(self.from_mail, self.password)            if self.cc_mail == None:                smtp.sendmail(self.from_mail, self.to_mail, msg.as_string())            else:                smtp.sendmail(self.from_mail, self.to_mail+self.cc_mail, msg.as_string())            print("successful")        except(smtplib.SMTPRecipientsRefused):            print("Recipient refused")        except(smtplib.SMTPAuthenticationError):            print("Auth error")        except(smtplib.SMTPSenderRefused):            print("Sender refused")        except(smtplib.SMTPException) as e:            print(e.message)        finally:            smtp.quit()

4.3??主程序

????在主程序中,調用了MailAssembler和MailSender的方法,完成郵件內容的組裝和發送。郵件正文包含文字和圖片,并有兩個附件。

from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipartfrom src.MailContent import MailAssemblerfrom src.MailSender import MailSendersubject = "test report"from_name = "水云之外"from_mail = "aaaaaa@qq.com"to_mail = ["bbbbbb@qq.com"]cc_mail = ["cccccc@qq.com"]imgbody = '''<h3>hi, the attachment is the test report of this test, please check it in time.</h3><img src="cid:image1"/>'''file1 = r"..testresult.html"file2 = r"..testresult.txt"imgfile = r"..testresult.png"smtpserver = "smtp.qq.com"smtpport = 465password = "****************"     # 授權碼msg = MIMEMultipart()assembler = MailAssembler()sender = MailSender(smtpserver,smtpport,password,from_mail,to_mail,cc_mail)assembler.attachAttributes(msg,subject,from_name,from_mail,to_mail,cc_mail)assembler.attachBody(msg,imgbody,"html",imgfile)assembler.attachAttachment(msg,file1)assembler.attachAttachment(msg,file2)sender.sendMail(msg)

5.?????參考文獻

[1] 使用python發送QQ郵件??https://www.cnblogs.com/lovealways/p/6701662.html

[2] Python發送郵件(常見四種郵件內容)https://blog.csdn.net/xiaosongbk/article/details/60142996

[3] Selenium3+python3-發送添加附件的郵件??https://www.cnblogs.com/liyanqi/p/7885014.html